OPERATING SYSTEM : An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all of the other application programs in a computer. The application programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface (API). Some Example : The IT industry largely focuses on the top five OSs, including Apple macOS , Microsoft Windows , Google’s Android OS , Linux Operating System , and Apple iOS . But that’s just the tip of the operating system iceberg. There are numerous free OS options in addition to Linux including Chrome OS, Syllable, and ReactOS, which was initially launched as a Windows95 clone. But that’s just in the world of personal computers, mobile devices, and tablets. When you examine server OSs, the number jumps considerably. All told, there are over 63 base proprietary OSs with various versions or updates, in addition to another 26 non-proprietary OSs. Apple
Few Important Terms :
- File Structure : A file structure is a combination of representations for data in files. It is also a collection of operations for accessing the data. It enables applications to read, write, and modify data. File structures may also help to find the data that matches certain criteria.
- Ordinary Files : An ordinary file is a file on the system that contains data, text, or program instructions. Used to store your information, such as some text you have written or an image you have drawn. This is the type of file that you usually work with. Always located within/under a directory file.
- Directory Files : In computing, a directory is a file system cataloging structure which contains references to other computer files, and possibly other directories. On many computers, directories are known as folders, or drawers, analogous to a workbench or the traditional office filing cabinet.
- Special Files : A special file is associated with a particular hardware device or other resource of the computer system. The operating system uses special files, sometimes called device files, to provide file I/O access to specific character and block device drivers.
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